September 2026

Phase 2, n=172. Event-free survival was 6.2 months with induction and 14.5 months with azacitidine-venetoclax (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.84, p=0.002). Grade 3 or higher infection was 41% vs 28%.

Takeaway. A randomized signal that azacitidine-venetoclax can beat intensive induction on event-free survival in fit adults, still phase 2 rather than a registrational phase 3. A systemic induction choice for fit adults with AML.

In the published phase 3 analysis, 48-month PFS was 67.7% with VRd followed by lenalidomide maintenance and 84.3% with daratumumab plus VRd followed by daratumumab plus lenalidomide maintenance (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.59; p<0.001). The hazard ratio compares the daratumumab regimen with control.

Takeaway. Supports an established treatment strategy for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed myeloma. Induction and maintenance for transplant-eligible myeloma.

Phase 3, n=123, presented at ASTRO 2026. Five-year pad use was 48% after prostatectomy and 8% after SBRT. Eight-year failure-free survival was 83.7% after prostatectomy and 91.2% after SBRT (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.46, p=0.18). That endpoint was not powered and was not significant. The trial closed early and changed its primary endpoint.

Takeaway. Not a superiority claim. It is the first phase 3 to show long-term cancer control in the same range as prostatectomy, with a large urinary-function gap favoring SBRT. Prostatectomy is one of the two arms. Directly changes the surgery-versus-SBRT conversation for operable localized prostate cancer.

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ASTRO 2026 PAM50 analysis of SPPORT, 709 patients with scores, median follow-up 7.9 years. The 5-year freedom-from-progression benefit of adding ADT, with or without pelvic nodes, was 10% in non-luminal B tumors and 31% in luminal B tumors (interaction p=0.01). Luminal B was prognostic for freedom from progression (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.74).

Takeaway. SPPORT supports an established salvage standard. The PAM50 analysis informs treatment selection but does not itself establish a new standard. Short-term ADT is part of the salvage question. Pelvic nodal coverage and short-term ADT in the salvage setting are day-to-day rad onc decisions.

Phase 3, 695 patients. The May 14, 2026 sponsor announcement reported significant EFS and OS improvements with perioperative durvalumab plus neoadjuvant enfortumab vedotin versus cystectomy with or without adjuvant therapy. Adding tremelimumab also improved EFS, but its OS comparison was not significant. The September 25 announcement concerned FDA priority review. As of September 30, effect sizes and confidence intervals were not reported.

Takeaway. As of September 2026, the positive sponsor topline announcement was promising but insufficient to establish a practice change without public effect sizes and detailed safety results. Perioperative immunotherapy and an antibody-drug conjugate in cisplatin-ineligible disease. Cystectomy is the control, so this changes who is offered surgery. It changes the cisplatin-ineligible pathway, where bladder-preserving chemoradiotherapy is the main alternative to cystectomy.

ASTRO 2026 five-year update, n=296. The report is about late toxicity. Grade 3 renal and urinary events were 3% with 66.6 Gy in 37 fractions and 13% with 62.5 Gy in 25 fractions (p=0.003). Five-year biochemical failure was 18% vs 21% and was not significant (p=0.3). Five-year patient-reported bowel and urinary scores were not significantly different.

Takeaway. The five-year ASTRO update keeps biochemical control similar and raises grade 3 urinary toxicity with hypofractionation. That argues for caution, not a new standard. A fractionation choice for salvage and adjuvant prostate-bed radiotherapy, now with a five-year toxicity update.

Phase 3, n=747. At the ESMO 2026 final analysis, median progression-free survival was 10.8 months with cabozantinib and 14.8 months with belzutifan plus lenvatinib (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.88). This descriptive update showed continued PFS benefit with longer follow-up; PFS was not formally retested. Mature median overall survival was 28.6 vs 33.7 months (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) and was not statistically significant (one-sided p=0.047 vs prespecified boundary 0.0223).

Takeaway. A phase 3 win over an active comparator in the post-immunotherapy setting. A systemic choice after immunotherapy in advanced kidney cancer.

Single-arm phase 1, n=16, Nature Cancer. Tumor shrinkage in 94%, objective response 44% including a 12.5% complete response rate, median PFS 8.5 months, median OS 22 months. The authors compare that OS with historical gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related toxicity was 66.7%, mostly from the chemotherapy.

Takeaway. A small single-arm phase 1 study is hypothesis-generating and cannot establish benefit over chemotherapy alone. A first-line systemic combination, still a dose-finding study.

Phase 3 final analysis, n=461. Median PFS was 8.1 months with chemotherapy and 7.5 months with adagrasib plus cetuximab (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.13, p=0.32), not significant. Median OS was 21.7 vs 21.6 months (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.03, p=0.09), not significant. ORR was 16% vs 47%. Hazard ratios compare adagrasib plus cetuximab with chemotherapy.

Takeaway. The trial did not improve either primary endpoint, PFS or OS, despite a higher response rate. A systemic targeted-versus-chemotherapy question in KRAS G12C colorectal cancer.

Randomized phase 2, 100 assigned, 92 treated. One-year freedom from local progression was 77.7% with microwave ablation and 83.0% with SBRT (HR 0.87, p=0.70), not significant. Grade 2 or higher treatment-related toxicity was 25% vs 3%. Grade 3 or higher toxicity, including one treatment-related death, occurred only with ablation.

Takeaway. Local control was similar, so this informs the choice of SBRT versus ablation rather than replacing one with the other. Ablation versus SBRT is a local-therapy choice surgical oncology shares. A direct SBRT-versus-ablation trial for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases.

Phase 3, n=500. Overall survival was 6.7 months with chemotherapy and 13.2 months with daraxonrasib (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.53). In the RAS G12 population it was 6.6 vs 13.2 months (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.54).

Takeaway. The randomized phase 3 OS benefit over chemotherapy supports a new treatment option for previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer. A systemic option after prior treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Phase 3, 760 patients, three arms. Progression-free survival was 9.8 months with TACE and 13.0 months with STRIDE plus lenvatinib plus TACE (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86, p=0.0007). STRIDE plus TACE versus TACE was HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.91). Overall survival was 34.7 vs 39.5 months (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.09, p=0.18), not significant.

Takeaway. Positive phase 3 PFS for TACE plus immunotherapy. Overall survival is not mature enough for a clean standard-of-care claim. Immunotherapy added to locoregional therapy for unresectable HCC. Locoregional therapy plus systemic therapy in HCC, where SBRT is often the alternative local option.

Paper not linked

Phase 3, n=948. At 36 months, overall survival was 62% with placebo plus FLOT and 69% with durvalumab plus FLOT (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.96, p=0.021). Median survival was not reached in either arm.

Takeaway. A phase 3 overall survival benefit for adding durvalumab to perioperative FLOT. Perioperative immunotherapy added to FLOT. This is a resectable gastric cancer question, decided before the operation.

Phase 3 comparison of anastrozole plus palbociclib with camizestrant plus palbociclib. The September 11, 2026 sponsor announcement reported a numerical PFS improvement that did not meet the primary endpoint for statistical significance. Median PFS, HR, 95% CI, and numerical OS results were not reported.

Takeaway. The primary PFS endpoint was not met, so these results do not support replacing upfront anastrozole plus palbociclib with camizestrant plus palbociclib. A first-line endocrine and CDK4/6 question.

Phase 3, n=315. At the January 2, 2026 cutoff and 23.5 months median follow-up, continuing the aromatase inhibitor versus switching to camizestrant, with the same CDK4/6 inhibitor, yielded median PFS of 9.2 vs 16.8 months (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59; nominal p<0.0001). Median PFS2 was 19.1 vs 25.7 months (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86; p=0.0037). Hazard ratios compare switching with continuing the aromatase inhibitor.

Takeaway. Randomized PFS and PFS2 benefits support an ESR1-guided switch to camizestrant while continuing the same CDK4/6 inhibitor before clinical progression. A ctDNA-guided endocrine switch during first-line therapy.

Phase 3, n=518. Progression-free survival was 29.1 months with anti-HER2 and endocrine maintenance and 44.3 months with palbociclib added (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96, p=0.02). The June 24, 2026 FDA approval cites HR 0.76 and says the median could not be adequately described because of censoring.

Takeaway. A phase 3 maintenance question in HR-positive, HER2-positive disease. Maintenance systemic therapy after induction in HR-positive, HER2-positive disease.

Phase 3 prespecified interim comparison, n=770. Median PFS was 26.9 months with taxane, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab and 40.7 months with trastuzumab deruxtecan plus pertuzumab (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.71). The hazard ratio compares trastuzumab deruxtecan plus pertuzumab with control. OS was immature.

Takeaway. A substantial randomized PFS benefit supports a new first-line option in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, while OS follow-up remains immature. A first-line antibody-drug conjugate question in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Phase 2 randomized protocol, planned n=74, NCT06882499. Patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer and 1 to 5 extracranial oligoprogressive sites, after at least 6 months of benefit from endocrine therapy plus a CDK4/6 inhibitor, are randomized to SABR to all progressing sites while continuing that therapy, or to physician's choice of systemic therapy. Primary endpoint: time to treatment failure. Accrual was planned to open in August 2026. No efficacy result has been reported.

Takeaway. This is a protocol. There is no result yet. Endocrine therapy and a CDK4/6 inhibitor are part of the maintenance design. SABR in metastatic breast cancer is a rad onc question, and it is worth tracking before there are numbers.

Phase 3, about 304 patients analyzed. MRI surveillance alone improved cognitive failure-free survival versus MRI surveillance plus PCI (HR 0.60, 90% CI 0.46 to 0.78). Preliminary OS HR was 0.90 (90% CI 0.67 to 1.20); the confidence interval does not establish absence of a survival cost.

Takeaway. A phase 3 de-escalation result that challenges routine PCI. The survival interval is still too wide to call no survival cost established. This is the PCI decision.

Paper not linked

In the NSCLC cohort of this pan-tumor phase 1 study, 40 patients with RAS G12X-mutant disease and one or two prior lines received daraxonrasib 120 to 220 mg daily. At the September 30, 2024 cutoff, confirmed ORR was 38%, median PFS 9.8 months (95% CI 6.0 to 12.3), and median OS 17.7 months (95% CI 13.7 to not estimable). There was no randomized comparator. A later NEJM report evaluated 136 NSCLC patients across doses up to 300 mg at a July 21, 2025 cutoff; that broader population is distinct from the 40-patient cohort.

Takeaway. Nonrandomized early-phase NSCLC activity requires confirmation in a randomized comparison before establishing a new standard. An early systemic RAS inhibitor signal, not a phase 3 result.

Phase 3, n=454. Progression-free survival was 8.3 months with pembrolizumab plus platinum and 14.3 months with trastuzumab deruxtecan (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.79). Overall survival was 33.1 vs 29.3 months (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), not significant. Drug-related interstitial lung disease was 2.3% vs 20.8%.

Takeaway. First positive phase 3 on PFS in first-line HER2-mutant NSCLC, with an overall survival hazard ratio above 1 and a one-in-five ILD rate. A first-line systemic choice in HER2-mutant lung cancer. A 20.8% drug-related ILD rate changes the risk of thoracic radiotherapy around T-DXd.

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Phase 3 maintenance comparison of durvalumab alone with tarlatamab plus durvalumab after platinum, etoposide, and durvalumab. The primary endpoint is OS. Efficacy results were not reported as of September 2026.

Takeaway. No public result yet. A systemic maintenance question, with no result yet.

Paper not linked

Phase 3, 451 patients enrolled in China: 226 received topotecan and 225 received tambotatug pelitecan. At the May 20, 2026 cutoff, median OS was 9.4 vs 13.3 months (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.62). Median PFS was 2.8 vs 7.4 months (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37), and confirmed ORR was 9.7% vs 59.1%. Hazard ratios compare tambotatug pelitecan with topotecan.

Takeaway. A large overall survival effect against topotecan. Generalization outside China is the limit. A systemic option in relapsed small-cell lung cancer.

Phase 3, n=398, China only. Progression-free survival was 5.8 months with pembrolizumab and 11.1 months with ivonescimab (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.69). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events were 16% vs 29%.

Takeaway. A phase 3 PFS win over pembrolizumab, limited by a China-only population until a global confirmatory trial reports. A first-line immunotherapy comparison.

Phase 3, 461 patients enrolled in China. At the June 6, 2026 cutoff, median follow-up was 12.2 months. Median OS was 10.3 months with topotecan and 18.5 months with risvutatug rezetecan (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.62). Centrally reviewed median PFS was 3.0 vs 7.2 months (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.42), and ORR was 12.6% vs 58.3%. Hazard ratios compare risvutatug rezetecan with topotecan.

Takeaway. A large randomized overall survival benefit over topotecan supports a new option for relapsed SCLC, with generalizability limited by enrollment in China. A systemic antibody-drug conjugate versus topotecan in relapsed small-cell lung cancer.

Phase 3, n=620. Median PFS was 7.7 months with pembrolizumab and 11.8 months with sacituzumab govitecan plus pembrolizumab (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00; p=0.0252), not significant at the prespecified threshold. Interim median OS was 22.8 vs 21.5 months (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.35; p=0.7155), not significant. Hazard ratios compare the combination with pembrolizumab.

Takeaway. The combination did not significantly improve PFS or interim OS and increased severe treatment-related toxicity. A first-line antibody-drug conjugate added to pembrolizumab.

Phase 3 trial, n=682, with a post hoc exploratory eight-year OS update. In stage II to IIIA disease, eight-year OS was 58% with placebo and 74% with osimertinib (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.75). Across stage IB to IIIA disease, OS was 64% vs 79% (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.71). This supports the durability of an established standard.

Takeaway. Confirms the existing standard of adjuvant osimertinib after resection of eligible EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The exploratory long-term update supports durability of benefit rather than changing the treatment choice. Adjuvant osimertinib after resection is a medical oncology prescription. The long-term surgical result is part of the operation-versus-SBRT conversation. Long-term surgical outcomes inform SBRT-versus-surgery discussions in operable early-stage disease.